![]() As with the vowel charts, the basic symbols given in this chart are in the IPA, whereas the equivalent symbols in the conventional orthography are given to the right of them.Ĭomanche stress most commonly falls on the first syllable. In the conventional orthography, these vowels are marked with an underline: ⟨a̱, e̱, i̱, o̱, u̱, ʉ̱⟩.Ĭomanche has a typical Numic consonant inventory. voiceless vowels are non-phonemic and therefore not represented in this chart. Unstressed short vowels are usually devoiced when /s/ or /h/ follows and optionally when word-final. Short vowels can be either voiced or voiceless. Short vowels can be lengthened when they are stressed. An example of a long vowel is the (ee) in 'turtle'. Long vowels are never devoiced and in the orthography they are represented as (aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, ʉʉ). In the following chart, the basic symbols given are in the IPA, whereas the equivalent symbols in the conventional orthography are given to the right of them. Historically, there was a certain amount of free variation between and (as shown by comparison with Shoshoni cognates), but the variation is no longer so common and most morphemes have become fixed on either /ai/ or /e/. In addition, there is the common diphthong /ai/. ![]() Phonology Vowels Ĭomanche has a typical Numic vowel inventory of six vowels. Īs of 2022, there were fewer than nine fluent native speakers of Comanche, many of the old speakers having succumbed to old age, health problems or the COVID-19 pandemic. The college previously conducted a language recording project, as the language is "mostly oral", and emphasizing instruction for tribal members. Comanche language courses were available at the now-closed Comanche Nation College. The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee offers dictionaries and language learning materials. Army to send messages conveying sensitive information in the Comanche language so that it could not be deciphered by the enemy.Īs of July 2013, there were roughly 25-30 native speakers of the language, according to The Boston Globe. A group of seventeen young men referred to as the Comanche Code Talkers were trained, and used by the U.S. The Comanche language was briefly prominent during World War II. The second generation then grew up speaking English, because of the belief that it was better for them not to know Comanche. In the late 19th century, Comanche children were placed in boarding schools where they were discouraged from speaking their native language, and even severely punished for doing so. Use and revitalization efforts Īlthough efforts are now being made to ensure its survival, most speakers of the language are elderly. Their own name for the language is nʉmʉ tekwap ʉ which means l'language of the people'. The name Comanche comes from the Ute word kɨmantsi 'enemy, stranger'. The Comanche language and the Shoshoni language are therefore quite similar, but certain consonant changes in Comanche have inhibited mutual intelligibility. ![]() For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.Ĭomanche ( English: / k ə ˈ m æ n tʃ i/, endonym Nʉmʉ Tekwapʉ̲) is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Comanche people, who split from the Shoshone people soon after the Comanche had acquired horses around 1705. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. The name "Comanche" is from the Ute name for them, kɨmantsi "enemy".Comanche is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger About 1% of Comanches speak their language today. The Comanche language is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, sometimes classified as a Shoshone dialect. The Comanche Nation Homecoming Powwow is held annually in Walters, Oklahoma in mid-July. ![]() Today, the Comanche Nation has 15,191 members, with approximately 7,763 members residing in tribal jurisdictional area around the Lawton, Fort Sill, and surrounding areas of southwest Oklahoma. They also took thousands of captives from the Spanish, Mexican and American settlers. They were the dominant tribe on the Southern Plains and often took captives from weaker tribes during warfare, selling them as slaves to the Spanish and later Mexican settlers. There may have been as many as 45,000 Comanches in the late 18th century. Post-contact, the Comanches were hunter-gatherers with a horse culture. The Comanche people are federally recognized as the Comanche Nation, headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma. The Comanche (known as Lords of the Plains) are a Plains Indian tribe whose historic territory, known as Comancheria, consisted of present day eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas.
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